This invaluable cross-reference compiled by Craig Preston.
- subject of intransitive verbs 523-535
- subject of nom-nom linking verb 628
- subject of nom-loc verbs 331-337, 596-599
- subject of non-loc verb of existence 296, 597, 629
- བོད་ལ་རི་ཡོད། the perils of reading English grammar back into Tibetan 291-295
- subject of nom-loc verb of living 598, 629
- subject of verbs of living in book titles 338-341
- subject of verbs of living in philosophy and meditation 341-343
- subject of nom-loc verb of dependence 375-379, 599, 629
- subject of nom-loc verb expressing attitude or cognitive state 599
- subject of nom-obj verbs 469-476, 599-602
- subject of nom-obj verb of motion 470-476, 600, 630
- subject of nom-obj verb of action 477-484, 600-601, 629
- subject of nom-obj rhetorical verbs 508-511, 602, 636
- subject of nom-originative verbs of separation 519-522, 603-604
- subject of nom-syntactic particle verbs 519-524
- subject of nom-syntactic particle verb absence and containment 522-523, 604, 637
- subject of nom-syntactic particle verb of conjunction 523-524, 604-605
- subject of nom-syntactic particle verb of disjunction 524, 605
- irregular subjects of transitive verbs in reported discourse 608, 630
- subject in attributive syntax 609-611
- མྱུ་གུ་ལ་ཆུ་དགོས། subject of verb of necessity and the perils of reading English grammar back into Tibetan: 289, 298, 609, 640
- subject of transitive verbs in attributive syntax 290-291, 537, 609-611
- subject of transitive verbs in reported discourse 630
- object of ag-nom transitive verbs 413-606, 617-620, 630
- complement to subjects of linking verbs 309-313, 628
- topical nominatives 631-632
- compare topical locatives (7th case) 654
- objects of ag-obj verbs 455-464
- qualifiers
- qualifiers showing place of activity 478-479, 481, 485, 691
- qualifiers showing destination of verb of motion 471, 486, 534, 600
- qualifiers showing metaphorical destination 633
- complements
- complements to subjects of intransitive verbs 487, 634;
- Snow mountains appear to be blue to an eye consciousness 411-412, 479-480,
- 2nd case complements with rhetorical verbs 488, 636
- complements to objects of transitive verbs 465-468, 487-488, 634
- indirect objects where no manifest benefit 488-489, 635
- identity constructions 511-512
- adverbial identity 342-343, 598
- existential identity = complement to subjects 635-636
- transformed identity = complement to objects 636
- agent of transitive verb
- agent of ag-nom verb 413-420, 636
- agent of ag-obj verb 455-468, 637
- qualifier showing means 344, 420-421, 637
- qualifier showing reason 344-345, 638
- compare use as a syntactic particle creating adverbial qualifier 598
- compare use as a syntactic particle showing qualifier for verbs of absence and containment 604
- qualifier showing benefit 301, 639
- indirect object showing benefit with transitive verb 639
- compare 2nd case indirect obj when no manifest benefit 635
- qualifier showing purpose of action expressed by the verb 301, 639
- compare 2nd case indirect obj when no manifest benefit 635
- “Sprouts need water.” There are no 4th case subjects in Tibetan, while in English “need” is a transitive verb.
Qualifiers showing:
- source in place, substance, and speech 303-305, 640-641
- instrument 345-346, 641, 345-346, 425
- separation as isolation, separation as removal 425-426; [512, 671]
- comparison 423, 427, 642;
- Are པས་ and བས་ always a fused 3rd case? Hint: No.
- Are པས་ and བས་ syntactic particles marking comparison or fused 5th case?
- inclusion: beginning of sequence, place, time 427-428, 643; [660] Showing a range with ནས་་་་བར་གྱི་
- logical sequence 346, 644
- compare syntactic particles after verbs marking participles; the case of སྒོ་ནས་ 319, 660
- actual or metaphorical possession 644-645
- possession 645, answers, “Whose?”
- metaphorical possession / field of activity 645 answers, “Which?”
- type: 1st noun narrows the 2nd noun; type answers, “which?”
- field of activity
- apposition 222 and composition 278, 645-646
- apposition
- composition: 2nd noun is made of 1st noun
- metaphorical: 2nd noun is a metaphor for 1st noun
- postpositional connectives 646-647
- imitating other cases 647-648
- agent and object 647
- object and agent 647
- destination and subject 221, 648
- group and separated member 648
- origin and result 648
- connectives linking adjectives to nouns 456, 648-649
- connecting a verbal adjective clause to its modified noun 649-651
- connecting to putative “agent” of transitive verbal adjective 649-650
- connecting to putative “subject” of intransitive verbal adjective 650
- connecting to putative “object” of transitive verbal adjective 650
- connecting to putative “qualifier” of verbal adjective 651
- connecting to putative “complement” of subject of verbal adjective 651
- connecting to putative “complement” of object of verbal adjective 585
- compare: use of this family of particles as a disjunctive syntactic particle following verbs 676-677
- qualifiers:
- place of living 333, 598
- place existence 652-653
- possession with verbs of existence 293, 597
- place of dependence 375-379, 599, 652
- referential 475, 517-518, 654-655
- referential qualifiers with nom-loc verbs expressing attitudes and cognitive states 513-517, 599
- inclusion 297, 653
- attributive syntax 290,
- time 654
- topical locative 654
Appendix Six: Adverbs and Postpositions
- Simple adverbs, Wilson pp. 652-655
- adverbs answer: How? How much? To what extent? Why?
- But When? is 7th case and Where? is 2nd for action and 7th is for existence, living, dependence
- words that are adverbs 658-659
- syntactic particles that are adverbial phrase markers 659-660
- Postpositions 660
¶ Appendix Seven: Lexical and Syntactic Particles
- Lexical particles Wilson, chapter 12, pp. 238-243; Appendix Two, 562; Appendix Seven, 662-663.
- prefix particles
- negative prefix syllables
- final syllables
- optional syllables
- negative verbal particles
- Eight types of Syntactic Particles: 328-331, 663-681
- introductory particles (665-666);
- terminating particles (666-668).
- terminators 666-667
- interrogative markers 667-668
- secondary use of: one use of གམ་ངམ་དམ་ནམ་བམ་མམ་འམ་རམ་ལམ་སམ་ཏམ་ 667
- imperative markers 668
- rhetorical particles (669-670);
- conditional syntactic particles 669
- logical syntactic particles 670
- punctuational particles (671-673.
- quotations 672
- appositive markers 672-673
- conjunctive and disjunctive syntactic particles (673-677)
- the many uses of དང་
- conjunction meaning “and” 673
- marks qualifier for verbs of conjunction and disjunction 673-674
- connecting two syntactic particles adverbialized with adverbial identity དུ་ 674
- primary use of གམ་ངམ་དམ་ནམ་བམ་མམ་འམ་རམ་ལམ་སམ་ཏམ་ 667
- verb modifying syntactic particles (678).
- continuative particles (678-681)
- adverbial particles and adverbial phrase markers 659
- special case the case of སྒོ་ནས་ 319, 660
- adverbial pronouns 581
- adverbial phrase markers 659
extra adverb-related pages: 657-60, 664; 580-81
Science of the dots